Price Elasticity: If PED < -1, demand is elastic — a 1% price rise causes >1% drop in quantity demanded. Leisure travellers are elastic; business travellers are inelastic.
Oligopoly: You can see competitor prices. This is a strategic game — if you all price high, passengers pay more. If you undercut, you win share but start a price war.
Producer Surplus: Your profit per seat = price − average cost. Total producer surplus = shaded area on the supply/demand chart.